<p>The Tomaquag Rock Shelters  are a prehistoric rock shelter site off Maxson Hill Road  in Hopkinton, Rhode Island. The shelters are located under two east-facing granite outcrops in the valley drained by Tomaquag Brook. Nathan Kaye discovered the shelters in the late 1950s. Materials recovered from test excavations resulted in dating one shelter to 800 BC and the other to AD 800. Materials recovered include projectile points, stone knives, and evidence of stone tool construction. Both sites included evidence pointing to the presence of a fire pit.</p><br>
<p>The shelters were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, Nathan Kaye gave the shelters to the State of Rhode Island. In 1996, the State Properties Committee entered into a "Park Use Agreement" with the Town of Hopkinton to preserve the shelter site. The Hopkinton Planning Board entered a requirement that the cultural aspects of the shelter be protected in a Master Plan agreement with the developers of a proposed solar farm across the road from the site on January 4, 2019.</p><br>
<p>The Tootell House  is a house at 1747 Mooresfield Road in Kingston, Rhode Island that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The two-story, wood-shingled Colonial Revival house on a 3 acre tract was designed by Gunther and Bemis Associates of Boston for Fred Tootell. It was built in 1932–1933, while Tootell was married to his first wife Anne Parsons. House design was by John J. G. Gunther. Elizabeth Clark Gunther was the landscape architect for the grounds.</p><br>
<p>The Downtown Westerly USA Post Office is a historic post office building at 5 High Street at the intersection of Broad Street in Westerly, Washington County, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed in the Classical Revival style by architect James Knox Taylor and was built from 1913 to 1914. The single-story building features a broad curving facade with eight fluted Doric columns of Vermont marble, flanked by wide piers. The interior lobby space retains many original features, including terrazzo and marble flooring, and a coffered ceiling with decorative moulding.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>The building "demonstrates the height of grand government-sponsored design" and "is often considered the finest post office in the state," according to a 2019 Providence Journal article.</p><br>
<p>The USA Weather Bureau Station is a historic former weather station on Beach Avenue on Block Island, Rhode Island. It is a two-story wood-frame structure, three bays wide, with a flat roof surrounded by a low balustrade. There is a full-width porch across the front, supported by grouped columns. The Classical Revival building was designed by Harding & Upman, and constructed in 1903, replacing a station destroyed by fire the previous year. It originally had meteorological instruments mounted on the roof and the grounds, and was used as a weather station until 1950. It was then converted for use as a summer tourist residence.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Willow Dell, also known as the Weeden Farm, is a historic farmhouse in South Kingstown, Rhode Island. It is located on the south side of the highway, just west of Matunuck Beach Road, on a 7 acre parcel of land. The main block of the -story gambrel-roofed house was built c. 1752 by Colonel Jeremiah Bowen, and was purchased in 1826 by Wager Weeden, whose descendants still own the property. The property includes two barns, a garage, and a stable which has been converted to residential use, as well as the Wager Weeden Memorial Fountain, visible on the south side of the highway by a stone marker.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Wyoming is a village and census-designated place on the Wood River in southern Rhode Island, primarily in the town of Richmond, Rhode Island, but extending north across the river  into the town of Hopkinton, Rhode Island. The population was 270 at the 2010 census. It is the site of the Wyoming Village Historic District and a post office assigned ZIP code 02898.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The village was settled in 1757 and was the site of industrial activity early in its history due to the ready availability of hydropower from the river. Brand&#39;s Iron Works existed on the Hopkinton side of the river by 1787, and Brothers Cotton Mill was established on the Richmond side of Wyoming in 1814. The New London Turnpike (Rhode Island Route 3) was built through the area in 1815. Also in 1815 a tavern was established on the Richmond side of the river to serve travelers on the turnpike. Two more textile mills were built on the Richmond, circa 1830 and 1845; they were later destroyed by fire.</p><br>
<p>In 1970, Interstate 95 was constructed a short distance east of Wyoming, with an exit close to the village. Proximity to the highway has led to commercial and residential development in and near the village.</p><br>
<h3>Historic district</h3><br>
<p>The Wyoming Village Historic District is a historic district roughly bounded by Rhode Island Routes 138 and 3, Old Nooseneck Hill Road, Bridge and Prospect Streets in Richmond. The district, which includes Brand&#39;s Ironworks, includes examples of Greek Revival, Late Victorian, and Federal architecture and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. Prospect Street on the Hopkinton side of the river is a residential neighborhood that grew up in the mid-19th century in connection with the growth of the textile industry in Wyoming; it includes several Greek Revival houses built between 1846 and 1850. The historic district covers properties in both the towns of Richmond and Hopkinton, with a total area of 570 acre, almost one square mile.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>According to the United States Census Bureau, the Wyoming CDP has a total area of 0.91 square miles (2.3 km), of which 0.86 square miles (2.2 km) is land and 0.05 square miles (0.1 km) (4.96%) is water.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>The portion of Wyoming in the town of Hopkinton is included in the census-designated place of Hope Valley.</p><br>
<h3>2020 census</h3><br>
<p>The 2020 United States census counted 415 people, 182 households, and 80 families in Wyoming. The population density was 481.4 inhabitants per square mile. There were 195 housing units at an average density of 226.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup was 92.05% (382) white or European American (92.05% non-Hispanic white), 0.0% (0) black or African-American, 0.72% (3) Native American or Alaska Native, 1.2% (5) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.48% (2) from other races, and 5.54% (23) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 2.17% (9) of the population.</p><br>
<p>Of the 182 households, 19.2% had children under the age of 18; 47.3% were married couples living together; 20.3% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 20.3% of households consisted of individuals and 5.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.9 and the average family size was 2.9. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 0.0% of the population.</p><br>
<p>11.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 29.9% from 45 to 64, and 23.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 47.5 years. For every 100 females, the population had 101.5 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 102.2 males.</p><br>
<p>The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $55,714 (with a margin of error of +/- $26,762) and the median family income was $55,714 (+/- $26,762). Approximately, 0.0% of families and 0.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.0% of those under the age of 18 and 0.0% of those ages 65 or over.</p><br>
<p>The former Washington County Courthouse is an historic building at 3481 Kingstown Road in South Kingstown, Rhode Island. Built in 1892, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992 as Washington County Court House.</p><br>
<p>Since 1991, court has been held in the McGrath Judicial Complex at 4800 Tower Hill Road in the village of Wakefield, also in South Kingstown.</p><br>
<p>The building is now the Courthouse Center for the Arts at Historic Washington County Courthouse</p><br>
<p>The Westerly Armory is an historic National Guard armory building located on Railroad Avenue, west of downtown Westerly, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The armory was built in 1901 to replace another destroyed armory. It was designed by William R. Walker & Son, a firm that designed several other armories and public buildings in Rhode Island during the late 19th and early 20th century. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in the fall of 1996. The "Armory serves presently as a museum of military and community memorabilia, a social and cultural center for the area, and home to the Westerly Band (oldest civic band in the country) and its historic library."</p><br>
<p>The Usquepaug Road Historic District is a historic district near the village of Usquepaug in South Kingstown, Rhode Island. It consists of a collection of properties, mostly on the south side of Usequepaug Road  between the Usquepaug Cemetery and Dugway Bridge Road. Although the area began as a rural, agricultural area, it developed into a modest rural village, with a church, school, and cluster of vernacular rural houses. The schoolhouse was destroyed in the New England Hurricane of 1938.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Windmill Cottage is a historic house and former windmill at 144 Division Street in East Greenwich, Rhode Island. It was the home of George Washington Greene, a former American consul to Rome and historian. It was purchased for Greene by his friend, the poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built around 1790. Poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow bought the cottage in 1866 for his friend, historian George Washington Greene, and had a circa&ndash;1818 windmill moved to the site in 1870 and attached to the cottage. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. By the 1980s, the Windmill Cottage fallen into a state of disrepair. In 1989, Ann and James Millard purchased the Windmill Cottage from the Ladd family and undertook an extensive renovation of the property. The Millard family lived in the home until selling it in 2022.</p><br>
<p>Longfellow first met Greene while traveling from Toulon to Pisa. Greene had moved to Italy for his health and the two bonded over a common interest in Italian language, antiquities, and contemporary art. It was Greene who first introduced Longfellow to the Italian poet Dante Alighieri. In the 1860s, Greene was one of the members of the "Dante Club", a group of scholars who assisted Longfellow in his translation of Divine Comedy.</p><br>
<p>The windmill allegedly inspired Longfellows poem, "The Windmill." About ten years after it was attached to the home, Longfellow sent Greene a copy of the poem and, in a letter dated April 18, 1880, speculated "I think this is the first ever poem on the subject." It was published in The Youths Companion issue for May 27, 1880, edited by Hezekiah Butterworth.</p><br>
<p>The Hiram W. Johnson House, also known as Mountjoy Bayly House, Chaplains Memorial Building or Parkington, is an historic house at 122 Maryland Avenue, Northeast, Washington, D.C., in the Capitol Hill neighborhood. Built about 1822, it is most notable as the home of Hiram Johnson , a prominent force in the Progressive Party of the early 20th century and its vice presidential candidate under Theodore Roosevelt in the 1912 election. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976, and contributing property to the Capitol Hill Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Hiram W. Johnson House is located on Capitol Hill, occupying a parcel bounded on the north by Constitution Avenue and the south by Maryland Avenue. It is just north of the United States Supreme Court and south of the Hart Senate Office Building, and is oriented facing south toward Maryland Avenue. It is a -story brick building (painted white), with a raised basement and a mansard roof providing a full third floor. Its main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance accessed via side-facing stairs. The entrance surround has pilasters rising to a bracketed segmental-arch pediment. First-floor windows are elongated, and topped by headers decorated with swags. Second-floor windows are topped by splayed lintels with keystones, and have shallow wrought iron balconies.</p><br>
<p>The house was built sometime after the War of 1812 in a Federal style, and was later given its present Second Empire treatment. It was the residence of the second Sergeant at Arms of the Senate, General Mountjoy Bayly, an officer of the Maryland Line during the Revolutionary War and an original member of The Society of the Cincinnati in the state of Maryland. From 1899 to 1924 it was home to an appellate court judge, and it was briefly owned by a band of the Schwarzenau Brethren before it was purchased in 1929 by Hiram Johnson. Owners or occupants since then have included the American Civil Liberties Union and the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee.</p><br>
<p>Johnson was a politician from California, and a leading voice of progressivism and reform in the Republican Party for many years. He served as Governor of California, implementing a sweeping progressive agenda, and was a founder of the Progressive Party that contested the 1912 election with Johnson as its vice presidential candidate. In the 1930s Johnson supported the Democratic New Deal programs. He was also a maverick on foreign policy, steadfastly taking isolationist positions before and after both world wars.</p><br>
<p>The Armory of the Kentish Guards is a historic armory at Armory and Peirce Streets in East Greenwich, Rhode Island and is currently home to the Kentish Guards, a historic Rhode Island Independent Military Organization.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Kentish Guards were founded in 1774, just prior to the American Revolution. The Greek Revival armory building was constructed in 1843 with a $1,000 public grant from the Rhode Island General Assembly to the Kentish Guards for their aid in the Dorr Rebellion in 1842. In 1970 the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Collections</h2><br>
<p>The Armory contains a gallery of pictures featuring former members of the Guard. The original charter hangs on the wall as a lasting reminder and a memorial to those men who organized the Kentish Guards in 1774.</p><br>
<h2>Visiting</h2><br>
<p>The Kentish Guards Armory may be visited on Tuesdays, when the militia company meets, and Wednesdays, when the fife & drum rehearses, both around 8:00 pm (except during holiday periods) and by special appointment. Visit for more information.</p><br>
<h2>Notable Kentish Guards</h2><br>
<p>James Mitchell Varnum, Colonel and First Commander of the Kentish Guards, general during American Revolution</p><br>
<p>Nathanael Greene, private in the Kentish Guards (rank limited due to a limp and lack of formal education), Major General during American Revolution</p><br>
<p>Christopher Greene, legislator, soldier</p><br>
<p>The John Waterman Arnold House, home to the Warwick Historical Society, is an historic house at 11 Roger Williams Avenue in Warwick, Rhode Island. Built in the late 18th century, it is a two-story five-bay wood-frame structure with a central chimney, and a two-story ell extending to the rear.</p><br>
<p>The home has a fireplace in its cellar, suggesting this area was once used as a kitchen. The main entrance has 19th-century Greek Revival treatment.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. The property is now owned by the Warwick Historical Society, and is open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The Isaac Bowen House is an historic house in Coventry, Rhode Island. The -story center-chimney wood-frame house, built c. 1750, stands on Maple Valley Road, near its junction with Rhode Island Route 102. The property, more than 3 acre extending to the road junction, is adjacent to the Audubon Societys George B. Parker Woodland Sanctuary, and is also owned by the society. The house was built by Isaac Bowen, a member of the locally prominent Bowen family, and is the only Bowen house to survive from that time. The house now serves as home to the Parker Sanctuarys caretaker.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Briggs House, also known as the Coventry Town Farm, is a historic house in Coventry, Rhode Island. The main block of the house, a -story wood-frame structure, was built c. 1790 by Joseph Briggs, and the property was purchased from his heirs in 1851 by the town for use as a poor farm. The town added a two-story ell to the rear of the house to provide additional housing space. The property is one of the few such poor farms to remain relatively intact. The farm was closed in the 1930s, after which the property fell into decline. It has since been rehabilitated as a two-family residence.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Richard Briggs Farm is a historic farm at 830 South Road in East Greenwich, Rhode Island. The 72 acre farm, established in 1704 by Richard Briggs on land given to him by his father, who had acquired it in the 1670s. The farm is one of the oldest in the town, and is one of its few remaining farms that is still largely intact. Construction of the core of the main house, a -story timber-frame structure with a large central chimney, was traditionally ascribed to Briggs, but architectural evidence suggests it was built c. 1735–55, probably by Briggs son John after his fathers death. This structure has had two major additions, an ell to the west built c. 1820–50, and a northern ell built in the 1930s and further extended in following decades. The property includes a barn which may be contemporaneous to the original house.</p><br>
<p>The farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Budlong Farm is a historic farmhouse in Warwick, Rhode Island. It is a -story wood-frame house with a gambrel roof and a large central chimney. Its current entrance is asymmetrically placed on the north facade, although the original main entry was on the south side. The house was probably built sometime between 1700 and 1720 by John Budlong, whose family was one of the first to settle in the area after King Philip&#39;s War. The property is a rare local example of architecture that has survived from that period.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Buttonwood Beach Historic District is a historic district bounded by Brush Neck Cove, Greenwich Bay, Cooper and Promenade Avenues in Warwick, Rhode Island. Buttonwood Beach is a bucolic neighborhood on the eastern limb of the Nausauket neck, located in the West Bay area of Warwick, Rhode Island. Buttonwoods is delimited by Nausauket and Apponaug to the west, Buttonwoods Cove to the north, Greenwich  Bay to the south and Oakland Beach to the east. Buttonwood Beach was founded as a summer colony in 1871 by the Rev. Moses Bixby of Providences Cranston Street Baptist Church, who was looking for a place to establish a summer colony by the shore for his congregation. He envisioned a community that would be similar to Oak Bluffs on Marthas Vineyard, where the Methodists established a summer campground in 1835. Today, this coastal neighborhood on Greenwich Bay is home to people from many different religious backgrounds.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>For the first 230 years after the purchase of Central Rhode Island from Sachem Miantonomi by Samuel Gorton and his followers, Buttonwoods was made up of a few farms settled by the Budlong and Greene families along with some American Indian families. Budlong and Greene settled there around 1700 after the end of King Phillip&#39;s War. The still existing Budlong and Greene homes are among the oldest homes still standing in Warwick. Although the Warwick settlement on Warwick Cove is 60 years older, the early homes there no longer stand.</p><br>
<p>By the 1830s the Greenes supported the efforts of the Kinnecom family, American Indian residents living by the beach, to open Buttonwoods Beach as a clambake and beach destination for the public. There are no traces left of the Kinnecom wigwam. Their 1800s farm and graveyard located on the Warwick Plain made up part of the T.F. Green Airport.</p><br>
<p>The 1779 British Royal Navy Navigational Chart surveyed by Col. Joseph Frederick Wallet Des Barres includes these ancient houses as well as Buttonwoods Avenue, the highway that connects these settlements to the East Greenwich town center. One of the houses is across from the Buttonwoods Casino. Another is near the Buttonwoods Gate. This map also shows the Warwick settlement on Warwick Cove. The map shows the original colonial road to Buttonwoods now named Buttonwoods Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The organizer of what the original residents of the Historic District called Buttonwoods Proper, Rev. Moses Bixby, spent ten years as a Christian missionary in Burma and Siam. He founded the First Shan Church in Toungoo, Burma in 1862 among the Tai people there (the Shan). This church has survived until modern times and is doing well. As of 2009, there are currently 92 Shan churches attributed to his efforts to build</p><br>
<p>Bixby and his fellow missionaries met with the King of Siam in 1862 and obtained his blessing to teach English to the Shan living in that kingdom. This was the year that Anna Leonowens was introduced to the king and became his Royal governess and English teacher. Local folklore attributes Bixby to have been the facilitator of that engagement documented in the book called Anna and The King of Siam.</p><br>
<p>Missionary records show that Mr. Bixbys assistant was Miss A. R. (Anna) Gage, Bixbys wife&#39;s sister. She stayed in Burma and founded a girls school there in 1873 to teach the Burmese girls the English language. Anna Gage stayed in Burma for many years giving Moses Bixby a family connection to his former mission.</p><br>
<p>When Bixby arrived in Cranston in 1870, he linked up with Lodowick Brayton. Brayton was a successful industrialist and investor who bought the old Friends (Quaker) Meeting House, said to be the first church in Cranston, in 1866. He set up a Sunday school in the building. This was also the location of the first May Breakfast in Rhode Island established one year later by Mrs. Ruby King to raise money for a new church. Jeannie Bixby Johnson, Silver Burdett and Company, 1904, shows that Bixby founded the Cranston Street Baptist Church in November, 1870, upon his return from Burma. Bixby expanded Brayton&#39;s Sunday school into a church of 50 or so members and relocated to Cranston Street. Within a year, three investors acting as trustees, Lodowick Brayton, The Rev. Jonathan Brayton, and Andrew Comstock purchased the Buttonwoods campground in Warwick for $10,000. An early plat of the campgrounds shows the laying out of 1,026 lots on 420 acre of land and a large tabernacle. According to the cartographer, this map "is advertising the sale of lots in Section No. 3.".</p><br>
<p>In A Walking Tour of Buttonwoods Beach, written by Robert O. Jones of the Rhode Island Historical Preservation and Heritage Commission, he reports that the “shore bordering the Greene Farms at Nassauket (actually Baker’s Creek) became a popular destination for excursions. Travelers came by steamboat or by wagon overland from the Apponaug train depot.</p><br>
<p>The western boundary of the site is a road, now called Andrew Comstock Road, that may have been used since colonial times by the James Greene Family from their house described as one of Warwick&#39;s oldest houses, the road running southerly down to the bay and the site of a landing hooking up this section of Warwick with Potowomut where several other members of the extended Greene family lived. Another colonial road, now called Buttonwoods Avenue, ran easterly from the James Greene house to other Greene property in Old Buttonwoods.</p><br>
<p>In the 1830s the Kinnecom family, a group registered with the Narragansett Indian Tribe, started to hold clambakes on the Greene property, the earliest-known effort to make a commercial success of what had been a long-standing Rhode Island social and culinary tradition. The vicinity was also a favored place for church outings. William Henry Harrison held a political rally here during his historic presidential campaign. The Kinnecom family hosted over 10,000 people for this event. The area was first called Buttonwoods at this time, named for the many buttonwood trees that once grew here.”</p><br>
<p>This site remained popular with the public by people taking trolleys from Providence until 1936 or driving in from Apponaug and paying daily fees to enjoy the beach.</p><br>
<p>Just how popular the Buttonwoods destination was for the public in the 1880s is made clear in a representation to the Warwick Town Council by John G. Bissell and others regarding the “Road used by Buttonwood Beach Ass’n for Horse railroad” on October 18, 1881. Apparently this railroad was being torn up at that time. Bissell and others quitclaimed their interest in this road so that it might continue to be “used by thousands for a carriage road.” Even in the old days there were traffic jams on the roads to the shore, it seems.</p><br>
<p>The plan for the Buttonwoods site now located at the Rhode Island Historical Society in Providence called for 1,000 or so land parcels to be sold to Baptists from around the region. Lodowick joined with his brother Jonathan and with Andrew Comstock to secure the $10,000 in financing for this enterprise. This would be the equivalent of hundreds of millions in today&#39;s dollars, a large real estate development. Much of the cash investment came from the Brayton family (railroaders and steel dealers and investor in the Colvin loom. The Panic of 1873 set in shortly after this investment was made and few lots were actually sold for many years. The campgrounds were resurveyed in 1882 into much larger lots, many of remained unsold and were combined into a large tract of open space in recent years. Brayton died a rich man but his fortunes were much diminished in the real estate deflation that followed the panic.</p><br>
<p>Andrew Comstock, a beef shipper and merchant in Providence and founder of the Hammond Beef and Provision Company of Hammond, Indiana, Chicago and Omaha was the other significant investor. He remained a very rich man throughout his life. His Providence operation was located at a rail siding in what is now the Roger Williams National Memorial Park where the original Providence colony was established. The Hammond Beef companies along with several refrigerator rail car companies along with Armour and Company, Gustavus Swift, and were the subject of the "Beef Trust" trial of 1910.</p><br>
<p>The main interest of these partners was to develop a rail link from Providence to the shore, with Buttonwoods as the terminus. First a horse railway was established from Apponaug to the Hill farm and then steam trains were introduced from Auburn, RI. This then became the Suburban Railroad servicing Rocky Point, Oakland Beach, and Buttonwoods. This ended in 1936 and the bridge was dismantled and the timbers were given to the BBA for the future use of bulkheads on the water front.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1900s there was great interest in Warwick to illuminate the streets with Narragansett Electric provided street lighting paid for by the town through tax revenues. In 1903 the Buttonwood Beach Association petitioned the Town Council to provide such street lighting. The Town Council approved this petition on June 22, 1903 completing the Beach Association&#39;s dedication of the streets in Old Buttonwoods for the public and making them public highways in the Town of Warwick.</p><br>
<p>In 1922, it&#39;s textile mills were temporarily shutdown by the New England Textile Strike over an attempted wage cut and hours increase.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>This residential neighborhood is small, about 170 houses, and most of the houses are historic, with many Victorian cottages and larger shingled bungalows in the Arts and Crafts style. The waterfront along Promenade Avenue has many mature trees in their streets. Many of the original cottages have disappeared over the years, including the cottage at Buttonwoods Point, torn down in the 1980s, and the Moses Bixby cottage, which, except for the roof peak on the West side, was torn down during the real estate boom of the 2000s. These were two of the original cottages at the beach of seemingly historic value.</p><br>
<p>The above-mentioned A Walking Tour of Buttonwoods Beach, written by Robert O. Jones, documents a few original cottages that survive to this day including the Smith S. Sweet house at 1078 Buttonwoods Avenue and a cottage at 12 12th Avenue which was also in the Sweet family. A cottage at 5 13th Avenue, across from the location of the original Moses Bixby house, built in 1872, was also leveled during the real estate boom of the 2000s upon the death of the former owner who had lived there for much of the 20th Century.</p><br>
<p>Across Buttonwoods Cove, although not part of Old Buttonwoods, is Warwick City Park, which includes three baseball fields, picnic areas and shelters, three miles (5 km) of paved bicycle paths, and tennis courts among other amenities.</p><br>
<p>Abutting Old Buttonwoods directly to the west is Budlong Farm, on which land is located the summer colony of the Buttonwoods Campers Association, established around the turn of the 20th century. The Budlong/Greene families were among the original colonists and founders of Warwick, Rhode Island, along with the Gorton, Lippitt and Potter families et al. The Greenes owned a huge portion of the Nausauket neck, which was divided up among the generations of Budlong/Greene heirs.</p><br>
<p>The original Greene/Budlong farm homestead, built in 1776, still stands today and can be seen from Buttonwoods Avenue. Over time, tracts of land were sold off, among them, the tract sold to the Buttonwoods Beach Association (see above, purchase of land by Lodowick Brayton, The Rev. Jonathan Brayton, and Andrew Comstock). When Henry Warner Budlong inherited what remained of the Greene family lands, he was approached to establish a summer colony similar to that of Buttonwoods Beach, but dedicated to middle-class families.</p><br>
<p>At that time the Buttonwoods Campgrounds was established (circa 1899) allowing families to erect long tents (said to have been army surplus from the Civil War) and spend summers on the shore of Greenwich Bay. Henry Warner Budlong, whose memorial building sits next to Warwick City Hall in Apponaug, was a bachelor with no heirs. In his last will and testament, Budlong bequeathed the majority of his material assets to his housekeeper, Emily I. Hohler. The Buttonwoods Campers Association, currently consisting of 120 cottages, continued uninterrupted to lease the land. Budlongs will drawn up in 1928 (he died in 1929) specified that upon Mrs. Hohlers passing, the Budlong Farm land would not pass to her heirs, but would go to the Metropolitan Park Commission of the State of RI to be made into a memorial park named The Greene Park after his mother, Rhody Knight Greene.</p><br>
<p>When Mrs. Hohler died October 31, 1964, the Hohler daughters, Alice Hohler and Hope Maynard joined with the summer resident "campers" to contest the Budlong will. One camper, William McCaughey Jr., was key in obtaining a stay of the state&#39;s possession by then-governor John Chafee, who said the campers could remain on the contested land until a solution had been reached. The Hohler/Maynard families, with financial support from the summer residents, purchased an identical tract of waterfront land which was given to the state (and then the City of Warwick) to satisfy the Budlong will. That land was added to other land the City of Warwick owned, and became Warwick City Park.</p><br>
<h2>Buttonwood Beach Association</h2><br>
<p>The Buttonwood Beach Association was incorporated in July 1872 by a special act of the Rhode Island General Assembly. The following is the general description of this charter:</p><br>
<p>Business Form: Corporation</p><br>
<p>Ownership/Membership: Stockholders (Buttonwoods property owners with a two-year residency requirement). Stock cannot be sold by shareholders but may be sold back to the Association.</p><br>
<p>Function: To establish a “summer resort” and of buying, selling, using, improving, and managing real and personal estate for such purpose in connection therewith. Most but not all property in Buttonwoods has specific deed restrictions, among which is that prior to sale, all property must be first offered to the Association. (This is generally considered to be a restriction on "who" may live in the Buttonwoods Fire District. Some owners upon selling, have refused to carry that arcane stipulation forward.)</p><br>
<p>Purpose: Originally founded to acquire and develop land for a summer resort, today the BBA claims the ownership of the platted streets although that claim is contrary to statutory law which grants the ownership of the streets to the abutters. In some cases, the BBA is the abutter because it owns various undeveloped lots throughout the neighborhood, and it provides oversight in preserving those properties to the benefit of all residents. The BBA dedicated these streets to the public in its 1882 plat map filed with the Warwick Town Clerk. This was a mortgage deed requirement of the original lender to secure his interest that the lots could be marketed after a potential foreclosure.</p><br>
<p>The Buttonwood Beach Association now organizes activities and celebrations for residents, many held at the Buttonwooods Fire District-owned building called the Casino. The Casino has a stage and two bowling alleys. Tennis courts and a playground are nearby. Potluck dinners, seasonal parties, and arts and crafts lessons for children take place there. Fire District residents and others can use the hall for private parties. The Buttonwood Beach Association built a nondenominational chapel at Ninth Avenue and Janice Road.</p><br>
<h2>Buttonwoods Fire District</h2><br>
<p>The Buttonwoods Fire District was incorporated in January 1925 by the Rhode Island General Assembly. The following is the general description of this charter:</p><br>
<p>Business Form: Municipal government. The Fire District is not an entity of the City of Warwick but rather the General Assembly. It reports annually to the General Assembly.</p><br>
<p>Ownership/Membership: Every owner of taxable property in Buttonwoods is an elector (entitled to vote). The Rhode Island Supreme Court has ruled that all residents of fire districts who are registered to vote in the State of Rhode Island are fire district electors. Tenants and children of owners who live in the Buttonwoods Fire District are eligible to vote. This is an important point because limited liability companies are buying up property in the district. Many properties are controlled by trusts. If actual property ownership were the requirement for being an elector, this requirement would be unconstitutional at both the federal and state levels. See Flynn v. King (and West Glocester Fire District.)</p><br>
<p>Function: To maintain the public streets, parks, and seawalls of the Fire District using tax appropriations. Some residents have long claimed that these streets are private because the taxpayers in the Fire District pay "special taxes" to keep them private, but that is contrary to case law. See Kilmartin v. Barbuto, a 2017 Misquamicut Beach case that describes the public use of streets and ways to the shore. The Fire District also uses these taxes to pay for the maintenance of recreational facilities in the area such as the Casino, the tennis and pickleball courts, and the woodland trails that are not part of the platted parks. These facilities, unlike the streets and parks, are for resident use only. The Fire District also maintains the storm drains in the area subject to the supervision of the R.I. DEM and has been requested by the DEM to file a maintenance plan with that agency. (The City of Warwick and the RI Department of Transportation are under court orders to maintain their storm drains under DEM supervision at considerable expense to these entities.)</p><br>
<p>(Although the Buttonwood Beach Association claims ownership of the streets in the Fire District, the Fire District has used Federal Stafford Act funds to maintain the streets and that act requires that the streets be controlled by governments and open to the public or by certain non-profits. The Buttonwood Beach Association is a corporation and body politic and is not a non-profit. It does not fall under the Stafford Act. The Beach Association dedicated these streets for public use in 1882 and the Buttonwoods Fire District has accepted that dedication in its bylaws making the streets public. See Newport Realty v. Lynch (2005) and Warwick Sewer Authority v. Carlone (2012)) The Rhode Island Supreme Court held in 2020 in Clark v. Buttonwoods Beach Association that the streets are public. This was after the Beach Association had filed a motion in Superior Court defending Promenade Avenue against Clarks claim of adverse possession pointing out that the streets are public under the "Kings Rights" doctrine.)</p><br>
<p>Today, the Buttonwoods Campers Association, Inc. continues to lease lands (about 25 acres) from the Hohler/Maynard families. The association members have a community hall where various social functions and activities are held for the benefit of residents of all ages. The association has made capital improvements, including a basketball court, soft sand volleyball court, bocce court and playground. Despite considerable erosion of its once pristine beach (due directly to the Stafford Act FEMA-financed construction of a massive seawall to protect Old Buttonwoods&#39; shoreline) the summer community continues to be populated by families with youngsters and by snowbird seniors.</p><br>
<p>The entire Budlong Farm sits on about 60 acres. A good portion is used to grow corn by Confreda Farms. Recently, the land was put under the Rhode Island Farm, Forest, and Open Space Act, with a pledge not to be developed. It remains a bucolic snapshot of colonial times and of the late Victorian era.</p><br>
<p>The Silas Clapp House is an historic house at East Greenwich Avenue in West Warwick, Rhode Island. The -story wood-frame house was built around 1797–1804 by Silas Clapp, who farmed a 100 acre parcel of land surrounding the house. It was thought to be built in 1804, but newspapers found in the walls are dated as early as 1797 and many at 1798, suggesting the house was built earlier than previously thought. It is a well-preserved example of vernacular Federal styling, with a five-bay main facade and a central entry with fanlight. There is a large central chimney, a feature more commonly found in older Georgian era homes. Descendants of Clapp owned the property until the 1880s.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Cowesett Pound is an historic animal pound on Cowesett Road in Warwick, Rhode Island. The pound, a roughly square structure built of unmortared fieldstone four to five feet in height, is estimated to have been built in 1742 by David Greene, although there was an older  pound already at the site. Its walls were probably once topped by capstones, but only one of these survives. The entrance to the pound has a wooden gate added during a 20th-century restoration.</p><br>
<p>The pound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Crompton Free Library is a historic library building in West Warwick, Rhode Island. The small single-story wood-frame building was constructed in 1876, with funding from local mill owners. It is an excellent local example of a small Stick style public structure.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It now serves as home to the Pawtuxet Valley Preservation and Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The District Four School is an historic school at 1515 West Shore Road in Warwick, Rhode Island, United States. The -story wood-frame building was designed by William R. Walker of Providence, and built in 1886. It is the oldest surviving school building in the city. It was used as a public school until c. 1940, and was either vacant or occupied by social service agencies in the following decades. It has been converted to residential use.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Crompton Mill Historic District is a historic district encompassing a mill complex at 20 Remington Street, 53 and 65 Manchester Street in West Warwick, Rhode Island. The mill complex consists of a collection of mainly brick buildings, bounded by the Pawtuxet River and Pulaski, Remington, and Manchester Streets in the village of Crompton. The mill complex formerly extended across the river, but the complex on the west bank was destroyed by fire in 1992. The oldest elements of the complex are the dam site and some of the raceways that provided water power to the mills. The present dam was built in 1908, replacing an 1882 structure. The raceways were built in 1807, around the time of the first mill buildings. The stone Mill No. 1, built 1807, is believed to be the oldest stone mill building in the state. Most of the complex&#39;s buildings were built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by the Providence Manufacturing Company and its successors. The mill was used for textile  processing until 1946, when the Crompton Corporation ended production.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Elizabeth Spring  is an historic water source in Warwick, Rhode Island. The spring is mentioned in the writings of Rhode Island founder Roger Williams, specifically in reference to Elizabeth, the wife of John Winthrop, Jr., with whom he visited the spring. The spring is located on an embankment east of the railroad tracks and just north of Old Forge Road at the head of Greenwich Cove. Its location, which is not readily visible from the road, is marked by a circular millstone, on which a marble slab with a now-illegible inscription was mounted in 1858.</p><br>
<p>The spring site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Forge Farm is an historic farm in Warwick, Rhode Island. Established in the mid-17th century by the Greene family, it is one of the oldest farms in Rhode Island. It was the birthplace of General Nathanael Greene, a prominent American general in the American Revolutionary War. The core of the main house was built in 1684 by James Greene, son of John Greene, who purchased the land from local Native Americans. It has been extended and altered numerous times in the 18th and 19th centuries. Nathanael Greene was born in this house in 1742, and the farm was owned for many years by Nathanael&#39;s brother Christopher, and wife, Deborah  Greene, daughter of Continental Congress member Samuel Ward.</p><br>
<p>The farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Forge Road Historic District is a historic district on Forge Road from Ives Road to the Potowomut River in Warwick, Rhode Island. Most of the district&#39;s nearly 200 acre are taken up by the Forge Farm, which lies south of Forge Road, is one of the oldest farms in Rhode Island , and was the birthplace of American Revolutionary War general Nathanael Greene. A memorial to Greene stands near the bridge crossing the Potowomut River. Opposite the farm on Forge Road stand four houses, all of which date to the late 18th to mid-19th century.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Fry&#39;s Hamlet Historic District is a historic district in East Greenwich, Rhode Island. The district encompasses about 272 acre of a predominantly rural and agricultural landscape. The central characteristic of the district is a cluster of three farmsteads, including four primary dwellings, four barns, and numerous additional outbuildings. Three of the four houses were built in the 18th century, and are associated with the Fry and Spencer families that long farmed this area.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Captain Oliver Gardiner House is a historic house prominently located in Warwick, Rhode Island. Built about 1750, it is a -story wood-frame structure with a gambrel roof. Its main facade has six irregularly-spaced bays, with a centrally positioned entrance. The house is unusual for its period in that it has a large central hallway, a feature not commonly seen until the Federal period. Oliver Gardiner, its first owner, was a ship&#39;s captain.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Gaspee Point is a small peninsula on the west side of the southern reaches of the Providence River in Warwick, Rhode Island. It is bounded on the north by Passeonkquis Cove and on the south by Occupessatuxet Cove, and is accessible by Namquid Drive in Warwick.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Gaspée affair</h2><br>
<p>Gaspee Point was the site of one of the first acts in the American Revolution when the Royal Navy&#39;s HMS Gaspee was grounded there by American patriots on June 9, 1772 in what became known as the Gaspée affair.</p><br>
<p>The Gaspee was a revenue schooner locally detested for its enforcement of the unpopular Navigation Acts. Patriots boarded and burned the ship during the night of June 9, 1772 in an act of open rebellion against the colonial-era governance of the British Empire.</p><br>
<p>The Caleb Greene House is an historic house in Warwick, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<p>The -story wood frame Federal era house was built in 1800 by Caleb Greene, a local businessman. Caleb Greene was a cousin to the American Revolutionary War General Nathanael Greene and the father to Major General George Sears Greene, the man credited with holding the right flank of the Union Army on Culp&#39;s Hill at the Battle of Gettysburg on July 2, 1863.</p><br>
<p>The house, one of the better-preserved of the period in the Apponaug area of Warwick, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Moses Greene House is an historic house in Warwick, Rhode Island. It is a -story wood-frame house with a large central chimney, and a rear ell. The main block was built c. 1750, and is one of Warwick&#39;s few surviving 18th-century houses. It is located on one of the first sites to be occupied by European settlers in Warwick, near one of its first sawmills.</p><br>
<p>In 1750, Moses Greene built his home where Buckeye Brook meets Mill Cove. The home may have served a role in the Underground Railroad—a secret cellar room is accessed by a stone wall that slides aside on iron tracks. The room may have also been used by rum smugglers. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Peter Greene House is a historic house in Warwick, Rhode Island, USA. The -story wood-frame house was built around 1751, probably by the sons of a militia captain named Peter Greene, and is a rare surviving 18th-century house in Warwick. It has a five-bay facade with a plain door surround, a central chimney, and a rear ell.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Green–Bowen House is a historic house at 100 Mill Wheel Road in Warwick, Rhode Island, United States. It is a late-date stone-ender house, built c. 1715, and is the oldest surviving house of the locally historically prominent Greene family. It stands on land purchased by John Greene from local Native Americans in 1642, and was probably built by Fones Greene not long after he acquired the land in this area in the early 18th century. The house has a two-story main block, with two rooms on each floor, and its west wall and chimney are built of brick instead of stone. Shed-roof additions dating to 18th century were added abutting the west side and the rear. The property it stands on includes a 20th-century house, and a 19th-century barn and cottage.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Greene–Durfee House  is a historic house at 1272 West Shore Road in Warwick, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<h2>History and architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in the late eighteenth century by William Greene (1763–1852), a descendant of John Greene, an original settler of Warwick in 1643. William Greene was a farmer merchant marine and his father, Godfrey Greene (1732–1801), was a mariner and shipmaster. A date of circa 1780 has been given to the house, but Greene likely did not build until after his marriage in 1796. In 1846 he sold the house to Charles Wells Greene (1850–1857), his only son, who died unmarried. The house was inherited by his sister, Almira (Greene) Durfee (1807–1888), widow of Edward Greene Durfee (1809–1851). The house was later acquired by her daughter, Sarah, and her husband John F. Woodmansee. In the early twenty–first century the house was divided into apartments, though this has been reversed.</p><br>
<p>The house, a -story wood-frame structure with a large central chimney, stands set well back from the west side of the road, opposite Church Avenue and a small cemetery. It is set behind a small wood-frame commercial building and is partially screened from view by bushes. It is one of the city&#39;s finest Georgian style houses, with a particularly well-preserved interior.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Greenwich Cove Site is a prehistoric archaeological site in Warwick, Rhode Island, US. The site is a significant multi-component site, with finds dating from the Late Archaic to the Middle Woodland Period. It notably includes a shell midden that has only been moderately affected by vandalism and development; these are particularly rare in coastal Rhode Island. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Greenwich Cove site was discovered in 1976, during the construction of a residential subdivision. Test excavations identified a number of features, including a shell midden and a habitation area on a knoll overlooking Narragansett Bay, with a kettlehole nearby as the only source of fresh water. The site was subjected to an extensive salvage excavation in 1979, when it was threatened by complete destruction from the development. Finds at the site include a small number of stone projectile points and scrapers, and a significant number of stone chips, evidence of the manufacture of stone tools.</p><br>
<p>Test holes were dug into the shell midden, which was determined by be 14 x in size. Finds from this area included tempered pottery fragments, stone toolmaking chips, and a few fragments of bone. A nearby test hole also found evidence of fire-hardened stone, and organic remains. At the lowest level of that hole, evidence of a hearth was uncovered, along with bone tools and stone fragments suitable for toolmaking.</p><br>
<p>A burial of a child aged about seven was also found at the site.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the hope that doing so would attract resources for a more thorough excavation of the site.</p><br>
<p>Hopelands is a historic country estate on Wampanoag Road in Warwick, Rhode Island. It is now the campus of the Rocky Hill School, a private college preparatory school. The historic centerpiece of the estate is a Colonial Revival mansion house, whose western ell is a wood-frame structure built in 1686. This house and its associated 75 acre property became the center of one of Warwick&#39;s first country estates, when in 1793 a Federal-style house was built by Thomas P. Ives and Hope  Ives, to which the old building was attached. This was given extensive Colonial Revival treatment in 1885 by Moses Goddard. The estate was acquired by the Rocky Hill School in 1948.</p><br>
<p>The estate was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Interlaken Mill Bridge is an historic bridge spanning the Pawtuxet River at the site of the former Arkwright and Interlaken mill complexes in Coventry, Rhode Island. The lenticular pony truss bridge was built in 1885 by the Interlaken Corporation to provide a direct connection between the mill sites, having recently  acquired the Arkwright property. The trusses were manufactured by the Berlin Iron Bridge Co. of Berlin, Connecticut. The bridge is a single span measuring 92 ft in length and just under 19 ft in width, resting on stone abutments.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It is the only known lenticular pony truss bridge in Rhode Island.</p><br>
<p>As of 2015, the bridge is completely closed off to the public and no longer maintained. It has fallen into severe disrepair and is structurally unsound and unsafe to cross. With the closing and abandonment of the facilities on the south side of the river, and the eventual reclamation of nature to the location, the south side of the bridge leads only to thick woods and brush.</p><br>
<p>The Kent County Courthouse, now the East Greenwich Town Hall, is a historic court building at 127 Main Street in East Greenwich, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<p>Kent County was set off from Providence County in 1750. The same year, a courthouse was constructed in East Greenwich, then the largest town in the new county. By 1799 the courthouse was too small, and the state legislature appointed a committee for the construction of a new building. The old building was sold and dismantled, and a new courthouse built on the site in 1804–05. It was designed and built by Revolutionary war veteran and contractor Oliver Wickes.</p><br>
<p>Rhode Island had an unusual "rotating legislature" from 1759 to 1901. In order to keep state government local, the legislature occupied each county seat on a rotating schedule. In 1854, only the buildings in Providence and Newport were used. In 1901, when the new Rhode Island State House was first occupied, Providence became the state capitol, and the buildings in Bristol, South Kingstown, and East Greenwich were turned over to the counties.</p><br>
<p>By the early twentieth century, the courthouse was in need of modernization. In 1908 the Providence architectural firm of William R. Walker & Son was hired to renovate the structure. However, as soon as work had begun, it was revealed that the building&#39;s structural integrity had been compromised over the years. The courthouse was gutted and the interior was completely rebuilt in the Colonial Revival manner. The work was completed in 1909.</p><br>
<p>In 1974, a new courthouse was built in Warwick. The building in East Greenwich was repurposed as the East Greenwich Town Hall, replacing the old shingle-style town hall, formerly a block north on Main Street. The probate court continues to meet in the building, making it the oldest active courthouse in the state.</p><br>
<p>The Knight Estate is a historic estate in Warwick, Rhode Island, that is home to the Knight Campus of the Community College of Rhode Island. Developed as a country estate for a family of industrialists and later donated to the state, the main house and its outbuildings were listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built for industrialist William Sprague II circa 1830 as the centerpiece of his country estate, Natick Farm. Sprague was owner of the Cranston Print Works, and had begun developing his interests at the Natick Mills beginning in 1821. After his death in 1856, the house continued to be owned by his descendants. From 1856 the senior member of the firm was his son, Byron Sprague. From his retirement in 1862 until its insolvency, William Sprague IV operated the firm.</p><br>
<p>After the failure of the A. & W. Sprague Manufacturing Company in the Panic of 1873, the company was held in trust by Zechariah Chafee. Chafee was appointed trustee by the creditors of the Sprague interests to liquidate the Sprague debts. The estate was purchased by the firm of B. B. & R. Knight in 1875. The estate was then developed as a country retreat by Robert Knight. In 1883, B. B. & R. Knight also bought the Natick Mills.</p><br>
<p>Knight lived in the house until his death in 1933. The property was occupied and maintained by his daughter, Adelaide Knight, until her death in 1948, after which it became the property of his grandson, Royal Webster Knight. In 1964 Knight gave the property to the state to be used as the campus of the Community College of Rhode Island. The college, then known as the Rhode Island Junior College, opened on the property in 1972. The property was named the "Knight Campus" in honor of the Knight family.</p><br>
<p>The main house was repurposed as a home for the president of the college. The first to move into the house was Edward J. Liston in 1978. Since that time it has been the official home of the college presidents. Six years after Liston moved in, the house and its grounds were listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Built circa 1830, the main house represents a transitional moment between the Federal and Greek Revival styles. The plan and massing are typical of Georgian and Federal houses, in that it is a symmetrical five-bay, two-story house with a low hipped roof, not visible from the street. The house also has a rooftop monitor. Other architectural elements, including the Doric main portico and much interior detailing, are more typical of the Greek Revival style.</p><br>
<p>When Webster Knight converted the house into his full-time residence in the 1920s, he made several alterations. These included the extension of the real ell for a large dining room, modernization of the interior and the addition of flanking porches. All of this work was designed to match the original.</p><br>
<p>Also on the property are a number of outbuildings, dating from the Knight familys development of the property as a gentlemans farm. At the time of the property&#39;s listing on the National Register, an unusual wooden water tower stood at the southwest corner of the yard, but this has since collapsed.</p><br>
<p>The designers, either of the original house or Knights alterations, are not known. Knights house on Princeton Avenue in Providence, built for him in 1898, was designed by architect Frank W. Angell.</p><br>
<p>The Lippitt Mill is a historic mill at 825 Main Street in West Warwick, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The cotton textile mill was built in 1809, making it the third oldest in Rhode Island after John Slater&#39;s Mills in Slatersville and Samuel Slater Slater Mill. The Lippitt Manufacturing Company was founded by Revolutionary War officer, Christopher Lippitt, his brother Charles Lippitt, and Benjamin Aborn, George Jackson, Amasa Mason, and William Mason. During the Depression following of the War of 1812 the Lippitt Manufacturing Company survived by supplying yarn to convict weavers in the Vermont prison. The company grew throughout the 19th century becoming a large profitable enterprise in which several generations of the Lippitt family were involved. In 1889, all of the Lippitt Company assets were sold to the firm of B.B. Knight & Robert Knight, founders of Fruit of the Loom. In 1925, B.B. Knight sold the Lippitt Mill property to Joseph Hayes, owner of the Riverpoint Lace Works. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The Hayes family stopped manufacturing lace here in the early 1970s, but they retained ownership of the property until it went into receivership in 2008. The mill continued operation until 2010, a bad economy forced the mill to close.</p><br>
<p>A plan was announced in 2014 to convert the property to residences for people over 55.</p><br>
<p>The mill is on the National Register of Historic Places, and is one of the earliest textile mills in Rhode Island.</p><br>
<p>West Greenwich Baptist Church and Cemetery  is a historic church meeting house and cemetery at Plain Meeting House and Liberty Hill Roads in West Greenwich Center, Rhode Island. It is the oldest building of this type in the western edge of Rhode Island.</p><br>
<p>The Federal era "Plain Meeting" House was built around 1822 by the Independent and Union Society as a meeting house for the use of all local Christian congregations. The meeting house was named "Plain" after its location on the "plain" of West Greenwich Center. The building was used primarily by two Baptist congregations, the West Greenwich Baptist Church (founded in 1750) which believed in a Calvinist theology, and a branch of the Six Principle Baptist Church, which espoused an Arminian theology. The Six Principle branch had been planted by the Maple Root Six Principle Baptist Church located a few miles to the north. The two congregations merged in 1868 and continued to be known as the West Greenwich Baptist Church, maintaining sole custody of the building. Regular Sunday services were held well into the twentieth century and a Sunday School to study the Bible was held in the building as well. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Massie Wireless Station  was built in Point Judith, Rhode Island, in 1907 and may be the oldest surviving working wireless station in the world. It is named for inventor Walter Wentworth Massie, president of the Massie Wireless Telegraph Company. The structure was moved to the New England Wireless and Steam Museum in 1983 where it is preserved as a technology museum and historic site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In December 1902 the American De Forest Wireless Telegraph Company set up an earlier station in an existing house on a beach near Point Judith Light and another near Block Island Southeast Light, 15 mi from the coast. By May 1903 they had successfully exchanged test messages. Messages were sent using Morse code. The stations were initially operated for the Providence Journal to send news stories to the island to be printed locally. Another goal was that passing ships could also send messages to the mainland which would then be relayed to Providence or New York City by telephone arriving hours before the ships reached port. At this time few places in the world were passed by so many ships as Block Island. The Block Island Wireless began publishing in July. At the time it was one of only two daily newspapers that printed dispatches sent by wireless. The stations soon began sending messages (called "aerograms") for the public and charging a fee for the service. Initially, this experimental wireless service was only intermittently successful and the Block Island Wireless ceased publication at the end of August 1903.</p><br>
<p>The Journal, dissatisfied with the operation, offered management of the two stations to the recently formed Massie company. By 1904 the new equipment installed by Massie to replace the de Forest system enabled reliable two-way communication between the island and the mainland. The stations also provided communications to passenger steamships, particularly those of the Fall River Line. When Massie equipped the steamship Plymouth with wireless it was the first Long Island Sound steamer to have this capability. A Massie employee was stationed on the ship as the wireless operator. During initial tests the coast station was able to communicate with the ship at a distance of 33 mi. The crews on these ships considered Point Judith to be a dangerous point on this route. The shore station would advise them of adverse weather conditions such as fog hours before they reached it. The station would then aide in navigation as it passed. By 1905 with improvements to the station at Block Island it was able to detect signals from approaching ocean liners beyond the Nantucket Shoals Lightship 66 – a distance of 150 miles.</p><br>
<p>In 1907 Massie upgraded the Point Judith station by constructing a new building, the one that is preserved today, on the same site. The spark-gap transmitter operated at up to 2 kW power and was connected to an antenna tower that was 300 ft tall. The wavelength of transmission was listed as 400 m in 1907 and 325 m in 1912.</p><br>
<p>The steamships Santurce and Ligonaire collided off the coast of Cape Cod due to a thick fog in May 1910. The distress call CQD was received by the Point Judith station which then dispatched a wrecking tug to assist the ships. Wireless operators at the station kept a vigil in April 1912 listening for news from rescue vessels about the sinking of the RMS Titanic.</p><br>
<p>Ownership of Massies stations were then transferred to Marconis Wireless Telegraph Company in August 1912. The sale included all shore and ship stations along with the contracts that the business held. Massie retained the rights to his patents and continued to maintain a shop with his laboratory equipment. The Point Judith station ceased operation shortly after that. At the time it was shut down it had a range of up to 500 miles.</p><br>
<p>In 1917 a "radiophone fog warning device" was installed in the lighthouse adjacent to the shutdown Massie station. It transmitted a voice recording of the phrase "Point Judith Light" via wireless which could be received at a range of 8 mi. After three repetitions of this it would then transmit "you are getting closer; keep off" at lower power with a reception range of only 2 mi miles.</p><br>
<p>The building then became a Western Union landline telegraph station until World War II. In subsequent decades it was used as a summer house.</p><br>
<h2>Other stations</h2><br>
<p>The two original stations were joined by others to form a system along the southern coast of New England. Massie operated other stations from New Jersey to Massachusetts. The Point Judith station identified using the call letters "PJ". Other stations (and their call letters) that were part of the Massie system included:</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In 1983 the building was moved to the New England Wireless and Steam Museum in East Greenwich, Rhode Island, to avoid demolition. The former site is now part of Roger Wheeler State Beach. The station is now situated within the Tillinghast Road Historic District, of which it is listed as a non-contributing building.</p><br>
<p>The original equipment from the station was donated to the Museum by Massie&#39;s family. The transmitter is functional and now operates at 850 m though it is not connected to an antenna. The station was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Massie Wireless Club began amateur radio operation from the station in 2018 using the club call sign N1EPJ.</p><br>
<p>Another building at the museum contains a collection of various historic telegraph, radio, and television equipment.</p><br>
<p>The Paine House Museum is an historic house at 7 Station Street in the village of Washington in the town Coventry, Rhode Island. The oldest portion of this large -story wood-frame house may have been built as early as 1691 by Samuel Bennett, who was known to operate a sawmill on the nearby Pawtuxet River. The house was significantly enlarged c. 1748 by Francis Brayton. His son, Francis Jr., was granted a license to operate a tavern on the premises in 1785. The property was acquired by the Paine family in 1866, whose descendants gave it to the Western Rhode Island Civic Historical Society in 1953.</p><br>
<p>The house has been furnished to reflect the Colonial era, and is now operated by the society as a historic house museum. Visitation is from May through September on Saturdays.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Pawtuxet Valley Dyeing Company was a historic mill complex at 9 Howard Avenue in the town of Coventry, Rhode Island. The complex included three buildings: the main mill building and two pump houses, as well as the dam which impounds the Pearce Mill Pond, and the tailrace which evacuates water from the mill into the North Branch Pawtuxet River.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>The main mill was an irregularly shaped complex of structures, which grew from the original Pearce Brothers Woolen Mill, a two-story rubble-stone structure that predates 1859, and has been extended in all directions. Most of the additions were made in the first two decades of the 20th century. The dam, about 100 ft long, was an earth-fill structure faced in fieldstone and capped in 20th-century concrete, with a modern spillway. The tailrace was a trench lined with cut stone which exited from under the original mill building. The mill was established by Joseph W. Pearce, an English immigrant, and carded and spun wool. The March 11, 1916 Fibre & Faric, page 29, a trade publication, list William Waterhouse and the President of the Royal Chemical Co. and The Pawtuxet Valley Dyeing Co. The January 1918 edition of the trade publication "Textile Colorist", page 23, list the obituary for William Waterhouse and states that he was the president of The Pawtuxet Valley Dying Company beginning in 1907. The November 13, 1920 edition of Fibre and Fabric, a trade publication, lists James B. McDowell as president and J.B. Bennett as treasurer and general manager. A brief notice states that the company added a new machine, and is "quite busy with orders".</p><br>
<p>The mill complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>in December 2020, due to the now long abandoned structure&#39;s dangerously decrepit and collapsing condition and local youth and homeless population continually breaking in, the building was named a public hazard and completely torn down.</p><br>
<p>Pontiac Mills is a historic textile mill complex on Knight Street in the village of Pontiac, Rhode Island within the city of Warwick. The mills produced the original Fruit of the Loom brand of cloth.</p><br>
<p>The current mills were built beginning in 1863 by Robert Knight and Benjamin Knight (B.B. & R. Knight Company) to replace a smaller textile mill they had acquired from US Senator John Hopkins Clarke. Robert Knight, formerly a clerk at the mills company store, had begun leasing the mill upon Clarkes election to the US senate in 1846, before purchasing it outright in 1850. The Knights later demolished it to erect the current mill in 1863.</p><br>
<p>The mills produced uniforms for Union soldiers during the American Civil War. In 1920 Webster Knight sold Fruit of the Loom and the Pontiac Mills to the Consolidated Textile Corporation of New York for approximately $20 million, one of the largest deals ever made in the textile industry at that time.</p><br>
<h2>1922 strike and riots</h2><br>
<p>Shortly thereafter, the mill became involved in one of the largest worker strikes of the era, after wages were cut by 20% and a 54-hour work week mandated. The strike resulted in 150 people being evicted from their mill-owned homes, as well as riots and attacks on the mill, following which the National Guard was called in by Rhode Island governor Emery J. San Souci and machine guns mounted to the roofs of Pontiac Mill and nearby Natick Mill.</p><br>
<h2>Decline and reopening</h2><br>
<p>The textile industry in New England began declining shortly after this period. The mill ceased operations in 1970, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<p>In 1995 a new owner attempted to revive the mill with new tenants including stores selling antiques, furniture, and jewelry.</p><br>
<p>The mills reopened in 2018 as Pontiac Lofts luxury mill apartments, with additional tenants Apponaug Brewing Company, Studio B salon, and On The Ropes Boxing.</p><br>
<p>The Read School is a historic schoolhouse at 1670 Flat River Road in Coventry, Rhode Island, United States. Built around 1831, it is one of the oldest, and the best-preserved, of Coventry&#39;s 19th-century schoolhouses. It is a rectangular wood-frame structure measuring 18 ft by 24 ft, with a gable roof. The south side, its main facade, has a pair of doors under a ten-light transom window and a shallow entry cover. Above this is a round window, a detail echoed on the north side. It served the town as a school until 1951, and was then used for storage. It is now leased by the town to the Coventry Historical Society, who conduct tours and hold meetings there.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>The Christopher Rhodes House is an historic house at 25 Post Road in the Pawtuxet village of Warwick, Rhode Island. The -story timber-frame house was built c. 1800 by Christopher Rhodes, a prominent local businessman and cofounder with his brothers of the Pawtuxet Bank. The house was probably one of the finest Federal style homes of its time in the village, and is now one of the few to survive from that time. It has a side-gable roof, and is five bays wide with a center entry. The entry is topped by a fanlight and moulded architrave, and framed by Ionic pilasters.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>West Winds, also known as the Burlingame-Quinn House, is a historic home in West Warwick, Rhode Island. The site was built c. 1740 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The house seems to have been built between 1736 and 1753, probably c.1740. At the time of purchase by George Burlingame (1777-1872) in 1819, the property encompassed 270 acre of farmland. In 1921 it was bought by Robert E. Quinn, a Rhode Island state senator, lieutenant governor, governor, and judge. It was Quinn who christened the property "West Winds". The building has been extensively renovated and expanded several times during its history. Much of the original farmland still surrounds the property as a golf course.</p><br>
<p>The Rice City Historic District is a historic district in Coventry, Rhode Island. It encompasses the 19th-century village of Rice City, extending along Plainfield Pike  for several miles between Sisson Road and Gibson Hill Road in the northwestern part of Coventry. The main village center is at the junction of the Pike and Vaughn Hollow Road, and there is a former industrial and commercial center at Fairbank&#39;s Corner, the junction with Flat River Road . The architecture of the district is predominantly rural and residential, with Greek Revival and Federal style housing predominating. Rice City village is dominated by Rice Tavern , which used to serve travelers on their way to Connecticut, as well as the Rice City Church , the Democrat Schoolhouse, and the Obadiah Potter House , all a short way up Vaughn Hill Road. At the western edge of the district, the modern Pike alignment diverges from the historical one at Gibson Hill Road, where the foundational remnants of agricultural settlements may be found.</p><br>
<p>The area was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980; an erroneously omitted property was formally added to the district in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Wilson–Winslow House is a historic house in Coventry, Rhode Island. The main block of this -story wood-frame house was built in 1814 by Joseph Wilson, a farmer. It was occupied for most of the nineteenth century by his son, Israel Wilson, and it remained in the family&#39;s ownership until 1917. Architectural historian William Jordy noted that it was "very grand" for its rural location.</p><br>
<p>In 1935 the property was acquired by Winthrop Winslow and Agnes Parks Winslow of Providence for use as a summer home. The Winslows named the property Windy Parks Farm and hired architect Edwin E. Cull to extend and modernize the house. Cull was known for his skill in modernizing old houses while retaining their historic character. The property remained in the hands of the Mrs. Winslow until 1980.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
